Superficial abrasion accidents in garment washing
Release Time:
2011-01-30 13:26
Source:
China Laundry Journal
-- Expert Wu Jingmiao, Expert Committee of the China Commercial Federation Laundry Industry
Surface abrasion occurring after garment washing has always existed in the laundry industry. This type of abrasion accident was commonly called "white scum" in the past. Specifically, after washing, the fabric surface of the garment shows patches of whitening, similar to patches of white frost. When viewed from a large oblique angle, the frosted appearance is even clearer. For certain garments, this surface abrasion accident can occur whether dry cleaning or water washing is used.
1. Types of garments prone to surface abrasion accidents
Garments prone to surface abrasion accidents are mainly made from certain specific fabrics. We list them in order of the likelihood of surface abrasion accidents occurring:
1. Various colors of silk fabrics, especially some satin fabrics such as silk crepe satin, plain soft satin, sangbo satin, brocade satin, and ancient fragrance satin. Other dark-colored silk fabrics such as double crepe, Hang woven, silk spun, and electric spun are also extremely prone to this type of surface abrasion. Figure 1 shows black silk spun men's trousers after washing in a washing machine; Figure 2 shows a black silk down jacket after washing in a washing machine; Figure 3 shows a purple double crepe women's jacket. All three garments experienced surface abrasion accidents during washing.
Figure 1 Black silk spun men's trousers after washing in a washing machine
Figure 2 Black silk down jacket after washing in a washing machine
Figure 3 Purple double crepe women's jacket after dry cleaning
2. Dark-colored pure cotton fabrics, especially those finer dark cotton textiles such as black, dark blue, dark green, dark brown, and dark gray khaki, cotton houndstooth, poplin, and fine cloth. Although these garments are somewhat better than silk fabrics, the likelihood of surface abrasion is still high. Figure 4 shows surface abrasion on a dark gray pure cotton women's jacket after washing;
Figure 4 Dark gray pure cotton women's jacket
Figure 5 Fine pure cotton gray trench coat
Figure 5 Fine pure cotton gray trench coat
Figure 5 is a fine pure cotton gray trench coat; Figure 6 is a camel-colored pure cotton fabric jacket, which also experienced surface abrasion.
3. Next, dark-colored regenerated cellulose fabrics, such as dark-colored viscose fiber fabrics, dark-colored modal, lyocell, Tencel, and other fabrics, are also prone to surface abrasion.
4. In addition, some smooth and fine dark-colored woolen fabrics and chemical fiber fabrics may also experience surface abrasion if not handled properly.
2. Causes and prevention of surface abrasion accidents
In the past, when the laundry industry often encountered "white scum" on silk garments after washing, very old methods were mostly used for repair. The causes were not studied in depth. Through comprehensive observation and analysis, we confirmed that white scum is actually surface abrasion on the fabric. Under a microscope, it is clear that in all fabrics showing white scum, some fibers of the surface yarns are broken by friction. These broken fibers are exposed on the fabric surface forming many fiber fuzzes, which macroscopically appear as patches of white frost.
Figure 7 is a comparative microscopic image of surface abrasion on pure wool worsted tweed. We can clearly see many exposed yarn fuzzes on the abraded fabric surface.
Figure 8 is a comparative microscopic image of surface abrasion on interwoven silk fabrics of different colors. The exposed yarn fuzzes after abrasion are also clearly visible in the image.
a Original fabric state microscopic image b Surface abrasion microscopic image
Figure 7 Comparative microscopic image of surface abrasion on pure wool worsted tweed
a Original fabric state microscopic image b Surface abrasion microscopic image
Figure 8 Comparative microscopic image of surface abrasion on silk fabric
Based on the state of surface abrasion and the conditions causing it, we conclude that it is caused by excessive friction during washing.
Therefore, both washing machine water washing and dry cleaning machine dry cleaning are important causes of surface abrasion. It follows that reducing friction during washing as much as possible is the only way to prevent surface abrasion.
Specific measures that can be taken include:
1. When washing garments prone to surface abrasion, both washing machine water washing and dry cleaning should use gentle programs to minimize mechanical friction;
2. For silk garments that are most prone to superficial abrasion, it is best to use hand gentle washing methods; do not use machine washing or hand scrubbing.
3. For delicate garments that must be dry cleaned, in addition to choosing a gentle dry cleaning program, the garment should be turned inside out and placed in a cotton sewn protective bag before dry cleaning; the cotton protective bag should allow some movement space for the garment, neither too tight nor too loose.
4. When washing such garments with water, after rinsing thoroughly, an acid wash must be performed to help maintain the original color.
3. Repair treatment for superficial abrasion incidents
The incidence of superficial abrasion accidents is relatively high and can be difficult to prevent. Once such abrasion occurs, except for very severe cases, most can be repaired. The repair methods and process are not complicated, but once superficial abrasion occurs, after repair, the garment will return to the original superficial abrasion state after subsequent washing and will require re-repair.
Figure 9 shows two silk shirts on which we conducted repair tests after superficial abrasion. The right side of these two shirts shows the un-repaired superficial abrasion state, and the left side shows the condition after repair.
Figure 9 (1) Figure 9 (2)
Figure 9 (1, 2) Repair test situation after superficial abrasion on silk shirts
Superficial abrasion accident repair treatment method:
· Repair agent: "Funaite Color Restoration Agent";
· Repair plan: Use a leather spray gun for overall spraying;
· Operation method:
A. First, iron the clothes. Hang the clothes on a hanger and keep them suspended. Standby.
B. Pour 20-30 ml of "Funaite Color Restoration Agent" into the spray gun container, connect compressed air, and spray the clothes overall.
C. Areas with more obvious white frost can be pre-coated in the first round, then after a few minutes, perform a second round of overall spraying.
· Note: If the garment surface has formed severe striped abrasion (white streaks), it indicates that the dye on the fabric surface has been locally lost. At this time, it cannot be repaired with the color restoration agent.
【Warm Reminder】 This publication still has some copies of the book "Clothing Washing Accidents - Case Analysis" written by Mr. Wu Jingmiao. Readers are welcome to call for consultation and purchase (010-66094018 Ms. Liu).
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