Washing Guidelines for Synthetic Fiber Clothing
Release Time:
2010-06-25 13:46
Source:
Excerpt from 【Practical Technology for Textile and Garment Washing】
1. Polyacrylonitrile Fiber Type
Polyacrylonitrile fiber is polymerized from acrylonitrile. To facilitate dyeing, 15% copolymer is added. Polyacrylonitrile fiber can be used alone and is often blended with wool. It can be dry cleaned or washed by general methods, and washing is easy to perform. This polymer has a relatively low glass transition temperature, so the processing temperature must be kept below 80 ℃.
Modified polyacrylonitrile is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride. Modified polyacrylonitrile fiber is generally used as a substitute for wool, such as in coat linings, and can even be used to make cheaper wigs. The dyes used can be cationic, disperse, or metallic dyes, allowing for various colors.
Modified polyacrylonitrile fiber is very stable to acids and alkalis but unstable to polar solvents (such as acetone). It is also stable to oxidizing and reducing agents. Like most synthetic fibers, modified polyacrylonitrile fiber is rarely washed with heavy-duty detergents. Generally, any detergent can be used for this type of fiber. However, it is important to avoid polar solvents like acetone. To remove additional dirt, the following detergent formula can be used: 5.0% sodium carbonate, 2.5% sodium tripolyphosphate, 2.0% sodium metasilicate, 1.5% wetting agent. For high-foam requirements, LAS-type surfactants can be used; for low-foam, nonionic surfactants with an HLB value around 13; for no foam, low HLB nonionic surfactants such as straight-chain alkyl alcohols with 2 to 3 ethoxy groups.
2. Polyester Fiber Type
Polyester is derived from phthalic acid and glycol or diol, usually ethylene glycol acetate condensation. The surface of polyester fiber is hydrophobic. Like other synthetic fibers, due to processing methods, polyester fibers are not as prone to carrying dirt as natural fibers. Its hydrophobic nature repels hydrophilic dirt. Removing dye and oil stains on polyester fibers is a main consideration during washing. Polyester fibers do not require heavy-duty detergents. Its hydrophobic nature strongly resists water solubility, whether acidic or alkaline. When selecting detergents, the characteristics of polyester fibers should be considered.
Polyester blends well with cotton, usually with a polyester ratio of 40% to 60%, while the blend ratio with wool is slightly lower. Natural fibers have a good hand feel and wearing comfort and are moisture-absorbent, unlike polyester fibers. This blended fiber is made from ready-made blended yarns rather than monofilaments.
Washing polyester/cotton blended fabrics can use detergents suitable for cotton. To remove oil stains, formulas with high HLB values, such as LAS, should be preferred. If ineffective, alcohol treatment can be used. However, oil stains adsorbed for a long time on polyester fibers are difficult to remove.
For washing polyester/wool blends, attention should be paid to the washing restrictions of wool, especially avoiding high alkalinity. Appropriate wetting agents should be chosen, with phosphates and silicates as auxiliaries.
3. Polyolefin Fiber Type
Polyolefins include polyethylene and polypropylene. Polypropylene and modified polypropylene are widely used in textiles, producing fibers with various physical properties such as strength, hardness, and elasticity. Polypropylene fibers are drawn from melted resin. To obtain colored fibers, pigments and transparent agents can be added. The thermoplastic nature of this polymer allows products with different shapes and textile properties by changing the shape and diameter of cross-linked chains.
Polyolefins do not easily carry dirt, except for oil stains. If there is more oil, high pH detergents can be used. General detergents can use nonionic surfactants with an HLB value of about 13 or slightly higher, combined with sodium tripolyphosphate or pyrophosphate phosphates as auxiliaries.
Fibers used for carpets have water and oil resistance properties. Polypropylene fibers are hydrophobic and resistant to water. When low molecular weight esters, petroleum ether substances, and chlorinated hydrocarbons contact these fibers, adsorption occurs first, then wetting, and finally the dirt can gradually dissolve.
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