Beijing Local Laundry Quality Standards

This standard specifies the quality standards, inspection methods, and quality definition principles that the laundry and dyeing industry must meet when providing services such as washing, ironing, dyeing, mending clothes, and cleaning and maintenance of leather or fur garments.
GB 4287-92 Textile Dyeing and Finishing Industry Water Pollutant Discharge Standard
GB 8978-88 Comprehensive Sewage Discharge Standard
3. Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1 Laundry and Dyeing Industry Business units engaged in services such as washing, ironing, dyeing, mending, and cleaning and maintenance of leather or fur garments.
3.2 Laundry
Using various washing machines, detergents, or organic solvents to wash or dry-clean various clothes and knitted textiles.
3.3 Ironing
Using various ironing machines and equipment to "shape" and finish washed or newly sewn clothes, removing wrinkles and making the garment's curves clear, crisp, and aesthetically pleasing.
3.4 Dyeing
The process of dyeing various clothes and textiles using various dyes, dyeing auxiliaries, and corresponding equipment.
3.5 Weaving and Sewing
Using various special needles and manual techniques to repair damaged textiles, knits, carpets, etc., by recombining according to the original color, yarn, and weave of the fabric to restore it to its original state.
3.6 Leather Care
The process of cleaning, recoloring, polishing, and caring for various leather and fur using detergents, dyes, auxiliaries, and related equipment.
4. Laundry enterprises should meet the following requirements during laundry services
4.1 Washing
4.1.1 Washing
a) Clothes of different types and textures should be thoroughly washed without damage, color bleeding, or color mixing;
b) Stains should be removed without leaving marks, except for special cases agreed upon with the consumer in advance;
c) Washed clothes should be fresh, clean, soft, and white clothes should not yellow after rinsing.
4.1.2 Dry Cleaning should meet the quality requirements of washing and also:
a) Clothes should not discolor, fade, deform, or have any odor;
b) Buttons, linings, other accessories, and decorations on clothes should not be damaged or deformed.
4.2 Ironing
4.2.1 Ironed clothes should be flat, crisp, with beautiful curves, and all parts of the garment should meet the original sample requirements. The ironing effect should have certain durability, and the clothes should be neatly hung or folded when delivered;
4.2.2 Ironed clothes should not deform, and dark clothes should not have a "glossy" phenomenon;
4.2.3 Ironed leather clothes should not crack or have damaged texture.
4.3 Dyeing
4.3.1 Clothes should be desized and cleaned before dyeing;
4.3.2 Dyed clothes should not have uneven color or streaks, maintain certain color fastness, and the color should meet the color standard agreed upon with the consumer in advance.
4.3.3 Clothes should have no floating color, be flat, and feel soft.
4.4 Mending
4.4.1 The raw materials used for mending should match the texture, color, and specifications of the mended item;
4.4.2 The mended area should match the texture, color, warp and weft structure, density, and pattern changes of the original fabric; for special materials and complex patterned textiles, the imitation weaving should have roughly the same density and pattern changes.
4.4.3 After mending knitted garments, the loops are even, with moderate tightness, no shrinkage or bulging marks;
4.4.4 After mending, the fabric surface is smooth, with no residual threads, no lint, tight seams around, fine workmanship, firm mending, and good appearance.
4.5 Leather and fur garment cleaning and maintenance
4.5.1 After cleaning, leather garments are neat, fresh, odorless, and undamaged or deformed;
4.5.2 Soft, full, smooth, and elastic to the touch;
4.5.3 Color is pure and bright, with natural luster, no discoloration or color spots;
4.5.4 The entire leather garment is crisp, coating has good tensile and bending strength, resistant to dry and wet rubbing, and high-end leather garments should also have certain water-repellent properties;
4.5.5 Coloring, polishing, and coating liquids on leather garments are applied evenly, fully absorbed, with consistent color in all parts, no mottling, no floating color, and a clean appearance.
5. Professional conditions and technical requirements
Cleaning and dyeing enterprises should have the following professional conditions when starting business: operating service premises, production service facilities, business management, and technical aspects.
5.1 Operating service premises
5.1.1 Have a fixed storefront or business location;
5.1.2 The storefront decoration is beautiful and elegant, the signage text is standardized, neat, and eye-catching, and the interior and exterior of the store are tidy and clean;
5.1.3 The store has dedicated clothing storage facilities and counters for receiving and delivering clothes;
5.1.4 The processing workshop building is sturdy and practical, with sufficient lighting, and the floor and walls should be easy to clean and not peel off.
5.2 Production service equipment and facilities
5.2.1 Complete water supply and drainage, heating and ventilation equipment; discharge of sewage (including organic solvents used in dry cleaning machines) and waste must comply with GB4287, GB8978, and relevant national regulations;
5.2.2 Have production equipment suitable for the business projects such as washing, dry cleaning, dehydration, ironing, dyeing, mending, and cleaning and polishing of leather or fur garments;
5.2.3 Complete fire safety facilities.
5.3 Business management
5.3.1 Strictly organize business management according to relevant government laws, decrees, and industry regulations;
5.3.2 Complete rules and regulations, service standards for various job types, and labor protection measures;
5.3.3 Service items, charging standards, business hours, and delivery deadlines should be clearly indicated;
5.3.4 For service items entrusted to other units for processing, the contract signed by both parties should be clearly indicated;
5.3.5 Use receipts for clothing with the store's name and address printed.
5.4 Business technology
5.4.1 Basic requirements: practitioners should meet the following basic requirements: adhere to professional ethics, abide by laws and regulations, have a junior high school education or equivalent; have technical qualification certificates or pass professional department assessments to meet job requirements.
5.4.2 Job requirements
5.4.2.1 Person in charge
Be familiar with relevant laws, decrees, and regulations of national and industry authorities on operating the cleaning and dyeing industry;
Be familiar with knowledge of the cleaning and dyeing industry and professional technical knowledge of the business projects, able to solve specific problems encountered in business services;
Have certain business management and organizational leadership abilities.
5.4.2.2 Washer
Understand fiber classification and be able to identify the properties and characteristics of common fibers;
Understand internationally recognized washing symbols;
Understand the performance and principles of washing machines and spin dryers, and be able to operate and use them;
Have basic knowledge of rubbing, brushing, loading, drying, etc., and be able to operate practically;
Be able to select different detergents and operation methods according to the newness and type of stains on various fabric materials to achieve cleanliness without fading, deformation, or damage to the original material.
5.4.2.3 Dry Cleaner
Master the operation techniques for washing general cotton, wool, silk, linen, chemical fiber, and blended fabrics. When dry cleaning, also master dry cleaning operation techniques, maintenance methods for dry cleaning machines, and simple repair skills; different fabric textures should be thoroughly cleaned in all parts without damage, odor, or color transfer, removing stains without leaving marks, maintaining the original color and shape of the clothes, and ensuring buttons, clips, and accessories are not damaged or deformed;
Operators engaged in cleaning and polishing leather or fur garments should understand the types and properties of leather, the operating procedures and quality standards for cleaning and polishing leather clothing, the characteristics of leather polish and auxiliaries, color matching methods, and master common cleaning and polishing methods for leather garments.
5.4.2.4 Ironer
Understand the classification of textile fibers and be familiar with the basic properties and characteristics of common varieties;
Understand internationally recognized ironing symbols;
Understand the operating procedures and quality standards for ironing general fabrics and woolen clothes, master the ironing temperatures for common fabrics, and be able to iron general chemical fiber and blended textiles such as men's and women's spring and autumn shirts, woolen jackets, and trousers;
Have knowledge and skills to remove common stains;
Use ironing tools safely and master methods for maintenance and repair.
5.4.2.5 Dyer
Understand textile fiber classification, be able to identify textile fibers (including cotton and silk) by name, properties, and characteristics; be relatively skilled in using general dyeing tools and equipment;
Master the safe operation knowledge of dye vats, washing machines, and spin dryers;
Understand and master the dyeing process and operation methods for various fabrics including general silk, coarse wool, and chemical fiber textiles;
Understand the properties of dyes and dye auxiliaries corresponding to cotton, linen, silk, wool, and chemical fiber fabrics, and be able to use these dyes for dyeing with quality meeting requirements.
5.4.2.6 Mender
Understand the properties of common textile fibers and the basic structural organization of woven and knitted fabrics;
Understand the basic classification of yarns and the direction of twist;
Master the mending methods for plain weave and twill woven fabrics and plain and rib knitted fabrics;
Be able to master the classification and characteristics of general knitted fabric structures (warp knitting, weft knitting);
Be able to master various hole mending methods for general woven and textile fabrics, basically achieving a smooth appearance, appropriate tightness, tight four-corner joints, straight patterns, even nap, and smooth, non-glossy ironing.
5.4.2.7 Salesperson
Be familiar with relevant government laws, decrees, and internal company regulations;
Be familiar with the quality standards and charging standards of the store's business items;
Be able to identify the performance and characteristics of common textiles and leather or fur garments, and understand the requirements and effects after washing, dyeing, ironing, mending, and polishing;
Carefully inspect received clothes, issue clear receipts, charge correctly, and for any quality issues with received items, after customer confirmation, make detailed records on the receipt.
6. Inspection methods: After washing is completed, self-inspect the clothes. For disputes over washing quality or government supervisory random inspections, inspection should be conducted at designated testing institutions.
6.1 Inspection basis: Determine whether the tested clothes meet the requirements according to the above washing standards and identify the type of problem. The washing voucher and the washed clothes are the only inspection evidence.
6.2 Inspection methods
6.2.1 Damage-free inspection of the clothing to be tested is conducted by two or more experts through visual observation, tactile examination, comparison, and other experience-based joint consultations, supplemented by simple non-damaging methods such as magnifying glasses and microscopes; for clothing that cannot be concluded by experience alone, conclusions can also be drawn through re-washing and ironing using washing and finishing equipment.
6.2.2 Damage inspection uses testing equipment to perform tensile tests, friction tests, colorfastness tests, and necessary tests using chemical reagents to obtain results.
6.3 Inspection Procedures
6.3.1 The client fills out the commission form, specifying the items to be tested and the testing projects as required by the commission form;
6.3.2 Carefully read, study, and analyze the clothing receipt;
6.3.3 Carefully identify the laundry symbols;
6.3.4 According to the testing requirements of the commissioned items, organize experts with relevant expertise for consultation.
6.4 Principles for Defining Quality Responsibility
6.4.1 The following situations exempt the laundry and dyeing enterprise from liability
a. The original defects indicated on the clothing receipt are consistent with the problems found in the tested clothing;
b. The clothing receipt clearly states possible outcomes that are consistent with the tested clothing;
c. Problems arise from washing methods required by the laundry symbols and judged to be consistent with those used by the laundry enterprise;
d. The consumer insists on washing with an incorrect method, which is clearly noted on the clothing receipt and confirmed by the consumer before washing.
6.4.2 The following situations hold the laundry and dyeing enterprise responsible
a. The laundry enterprise fails to issue a clothing receipt to the consumer;
b. The laundry enterprise does not indicate problems on the clothing receipt;
c. The problems noted on the clothing receipt by the laundry enterprise are insufficient to explain the issues;
d. The laundry enterprise does not follow the washing symbols (except for special agreements);
e. The laundry enterprise fails to meet laundry and dyeing standards.